Leptospirosis

Dogs become infected by leptospires when abraded skin comes into contact with the urine of an infected host. The organisms quickly spread through the bloodstream leading to fever, joint pain, and general malaise which can last up to a week. The organism settles in the kidneys and begins to reproduce, leading to further inflammation and then kidney failure.

Milder signs are often seen with the kidneys being the main organs effected. Jaundice is seen less often and is less severe. However damage to the kidneys may cause problems later in life. Dogs that recover can excrete the bacteria in the urine for up to a year.

Two forms of disease are seen.

Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae (Weil's disease), Incubation period, 5-15 days. Transmission, by rats or dogs which kill rats. Dogs may be infected by rat urine on the ground, in ponds or water bowls. Major signs, High temperature, severe thirst, increased frequency of urination, abdominal pain, depression, diarrhea containing blood, jaundice, vomiting.

Leptospire canicola (Lamppost disease and Stuttgart disease), Incubation period,5-15 days. Transmission, Dog to dog via sniffing at urine (hence lamppost connection). Major signs, Similar to those described under Leptospire icterohaemorrhagiae except that jaundice is much less seen.